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| Dogri folk theatre | | | Dr. Sudhir Mahajan | 8/7/2015 11:07:20 PM |
| Folk tradition of any country or state does not only represent or showcase the various arts and literary pursuits but it is the total ethos of that particular country or state . 80% of the population of India lives in its rural space who preserve and promote their indigenous culture , values, tradition and rituals in order to weave make a colourful mosaic of Indian culture and its uniqueness .
Folk art unites all religions, castes and communities and Vedic times to the present era folk theatre prevalent in all the spaces in rural space. we cannot decide the present times when it got into lime light but we can say that Indian folk theatre has created its own space in present day socio- cultural scenario .
Folk theatre represents the people in their natural habitat, with all the contradictions and multifarious activities. It also gives a glimpse of their style of living, speech, music, dance, costumes and behaviour. Humour, wit and wisdom and idiom are inherent in their social life.
Folk theatre of India is a total reflection of rule and rivalry contained in the store house of themes from our epics like Ramyana and Mahabharta . The Folk theatre of India is colourful and varied in its forms in different ideas of our country creating a total representation of Indian heritage in different languages idioms and presentation which makes Indian folk theatre a unique expression human thought through tragedy, comic farce etc.
Folk theatre is essentially seen in its original and natural setting without encaging in proscenium theatre those who do it or doing disservice to the development of folk theatre and such people have to be an identified and warned to fiddle with its original moorings .The folk actors use very less props. Any spot on stage is transformed into a different place by a simple word or action. Folk actor creates places, rivers, forests battle scene, airplane, rail by the sorcery of this art
There are various crystallized folk theatre forms in India such as Jatra of Bengal, Boutanki, Ramlila and Raslila of North India, Bhavi of Gujrat, Tamasha of Maharashtra, terukootu of Tamilnadu, Yakshagan of Karnataka, Chhau Mash dramas of Seraikella of Oddisha, while Bhandra of Punjab, Bhand pather of Kashmir, Krayala of Himachal Pradesh, Khayal of Rajasthan, Swang of Haryana and Bhagatan, Jatar, Harana and Jagarna of Jammu .
Folk theatre forms with regards to North India are dominated by Music and dialogues while the south is dominated by Music and dance in which the body is exposed. Hence, the folk theatre forms are the blend of Music, dance and drama. These forms give a glimpse of the richness of folk theatre and folk culture besides, passion of the people regarding life and drama
Bhagtan
Bhagat or Bhagtan is the folk theatre conducted on two sides of river Ravi. In a general way we can say that Bhagat folk drama is popular among the Dogra Folk. Kangra , Chamba and Jammu are the main centres of its performance. Bhagtan has its origin in Rasleela of Mathura from where it travelled to other parts of the country especially Rajasthan ,Jammu and Kangra.
Generally court jesters were the persons doing the job of entertaining the courtiers and the feudal lords but for the masses Bagtias were there to entertain them. They were low clam of the society and would move from one village to the other carrying the message of social importance as well as to cremate a light atmosphere among the cultivators so that they could enjoy the leisure hours after the hard work of the day. That is why the folk drama was performed during evening hours. But occasionally, on the invitation of land lords or rich farmers, performance was given during the day time also. During rituals like marriage ceremonies etc. there was no binding of the time for performances. Bhagatan is a form of folk theatre concering with social, political and religious issues of the region and their livelihood was depending on the society. It is also pertinent to mention here that no women take part in the Bhagtah performance.
JAGARNA
Jagarna : It is typical type of folk theatre of Duggar which is very important from tradition point of view as well as security point of view. This is performed at the house of bride groom when all the male members go to the house of bridge in the form of a Barat to perform religious ceremony concerning marriage. On that night all the ladies dance with joy and exchange typical folk dialogues with each other to give it a form of folk theatre and in this whole process, a simple musical instrument Dolki and Rora are used. It will not be out of place to mention here that the word "JAGARNA" has been derived from Jagana i.e remaining awake throughout night which is equally important from security point of view because at that time the house is full of valuable ornaments and other items of which security is very much needed which is provided by these ladies. Therefore, this tradition of theatre serves purpose of security as well as enjoyment of ladies.
JATTAR
It is very important theatrical tradition of this land and still popular especially in hilly areas. This tradition is connected with the supernatural forces which attack a person and in order to give proper treatment to such persons. Performance of Jattar takes place in which normally a Dhol is used as a music instrument and the dialogues are to be held in between Nath ( Who beat the Dhol ) and CheLa ( who gives the instructions as Devta ) Thali which is put on the top of Garha used as musical instrument followed by the Dhool and the dialogues in the shape of conversation are held between the sick and persons who have to cure the sick and these are always on the rhythm of Dhol. A stage comes when the person who has been attacked by supernatural forces is cured. This belief still is popular in this region and it has become a form of folk theatre.
HARAN
It is another type of typical theatrical style performed on the occasion of Lohri (a festival celebrated in North India) when a human model of Deer is prepared and young people go from house to house and get Lohri in the shape of money or eatables and there theatrical atmosphere is created. Here also folk dialogues are exchanged in the shape of 'swang'or Nakal . Haran form is a very popular theatrical form in Hilly and Semi Hilly area, However, Haran are performed whole night wherein number of 'Swang or Nakal' are presented on various socio -religious contemporary themes. The role of women is played by the men with complete women costumes and mannerism. |
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