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| Gandhi Ji’s concept of Swaraj | | | Dr. P. P Singh | 10/10/2015 12:18:16 AM |
| Mohandass Karam Chand Gandhi (1869 - 1948) herein after Gandhi ji was undoubtedly the most authentic and celebrated representative of the wisdom and culture of India in our time. His country men address him with respect as the Mahatama. For many among the greatest Gandhi ji was the great. He was a social reformer an economist, a political philosopher and a seeker of truth. We consider him as a yuga pursha, one who inaugurated new era.
The contribution of Mohandass Karam Chand Gandhi to the Indian national movement was unparalleled. He made the national movement as mass movement. He made people fearless and bold and taught them the non violence methods for fighting against injustice. We had a passion for individual liberty which was closely bound with his understanding the truth and self realization. Gandhi ji philosophy was a profound engagement with modernity and its pitfalls. Against the evils of wanton industrialization, Materialism and selfish persuits. Gandhi suggested in turn swadeshi primacy of the self and trusteeship. He favoured Swaraj type of democracy where everything springs form free individual where decision are made bottom up with the locus of power below. Pursuit of truth was his mantra and non violence was integrated to it.
Gandhiji's notable writing were an autobiography, the story of my experience with truth; the collected work of Mahatma Gandhi , Panchyati Raj, Satyagrah in south Africa, Sarvodaya and Hind swaraj. He edited young India which he later renamed as 'Harijan' which remained his mouth piece.
Gandhi ji was also influenced by many like Tolstoy, Ruskin, Thoreau, Swami Vivekananda, Gokhale and Tilak.
Gandhi ji travelled different parts of the vast Indian sub continent sometimes travelling long distance on foot. He left his imprint on many who came into contact with him. He was a barrister and was well versed with law of the land.
Non cooperation movement, it was the first mass based political movement under Gandhi ji. The decision not to cooperate in a most peaceful manner with the Govt and its laws was endorsed at the annual session of the congress held at Nagpur in 1920. The Nagpur session also made changes in the constitution of the congress.
Civil disobedience movement, The Civil disobedience movement was started by Gandhi on March 12, 1930 with his famous Dandi March. Together with 78 chosen followers. Gandhi walked nearly 375km from Subarmati Ashram to Dandi Village on the Gujarat sea coast.
Gandhi Trwin pact, 1931 under this act govt agreed to release all these political prisoners who had remained no violent i) Right to make salt for consumption (ii) The congress to suspend CDM and take part in second round table conference.
Second round table conference: Gandhi ji went to England in Sept, 1931 to attend the second round table conference, but British govt. refused to concede the basic nationalist demand for freedom on the basis of the immediate grant of dominion states with complete control over defense, external affairs and finance.
Quit India movement: (1942) All India congress committee met in Bombay on 8 August, 1942. It passed the famous Quit India resolution and proposed to start a non- violent mass struggle under Gandhi ji leadership. His assassination brought to a close a life of undaunted courage resting on the call of conscience, committed to the service of his country, common welfare and universal love.
Before he fell to the bullet of assassin he completly accomplished his mission of forming a concept of swaraj which is a sacred word, a vedic word meaning self rule and self restraint and not freedom from all restraint which independence 'often means'. The concept of swaraj was not merely confined to freeing India from the British yoke. Swaraj is not transfer of political power to the Indians, Nor does it means as he emphasized mere political self determination.
It involves a movement of self purification too. It is not the replacement of one type of authority by another. He felt, " the real swaraj will come into by the acquisition of authority by a few but by the acquisition of the capacity by all to resist authority when abused. Swaraj is to be attained by educating the masses to a rescue of their capacity to regulate and control the authority. Gandhi perceived non violence as the key to attain such freedom and self control.
Swaraj is thus a basic need of all. It recognizes no race, religion, or community. Swaraj is for all including the maimed, the blind, the starving, toiling millions.
It is full economic freedom for the toiling millions. Gandhi ji made it very clear that India's Swaraj did not mean the rule of majority community i.e. Hindus every community would be at par with every other under the swaraj constitution.
During the earlier years of his leadership of India's freedom movement he emphasized that swaraj was meant for everyone and it particularly meant freedom from poverty. Swaraj is a state of being individuals and nation "Navajiban". The eradication of the poverty of India and freedom for every man and woman. Ask the starving every men and women of India, they say swaraj is their bread. Gandhi said that he is not interested in freeing India merely from the English yoke. I am bent upon freeing from any yoke whatsoever. Swaraj means some total of swaraj of individual. It should not happen that a handful of such people should live in jeweled palaces and millions in miscerable hovels. Independence must begin at the bottom.
Thus every village will be a republic or phy panchayat having full power in this structure composed of innumerable villages. Gandhi notion of democracy under swaraj meant empowerment of every Indian. One can not have a country with multi nationals, malls and ostentation consumption at one level and farmer suicides and extreme poverty because India is living in villages. Thus every village first concern will be to grow its own food corps and cotton for its cloth. It should have reserve for its cattle, recreation and play ground for adults and children. If there is more land available it will grow useful money corps (excluding ganja, tobacco, opium and the lie) the village will maintain village theater, school and public hall. It will have it own water works ensuring clean water supply. Compulsory education upto basic course. All activities in village shall be through cooperative basis. In the villages there will be no caste system, un-touchability, no violence , no non cooperation .
The panchayat of the village will have five persons elected by the adult villagers male and female with some prescribed qualification. The panchayat will have legislature, judiciary and executive powers to operate for its year of office. Gandhi ji said that my purpose is to present outline of village govt. There will be a perfect democracy based upon indivial freedom. The individual is the architect of his own. Govt. when panchayat raj is established public opinion will do what violence can never do. |
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